動機づけ・情動 Motivation and Emotion
P3-1-167 脚周囲核の構成 Organization of the peripeduncular nucleus in the mouse ○本村啓介1 ○Keisuke Motomura1 九州大学大学院　医学研究院　精神病態医学1 Dept Neuropsychiat, Kyushu Univ, Fukuoka, Japan1 The posterior thalamic region surrounding the medial geniculate nucleus has a complex structure, which has impeded the functional exploration. Previously we examined a part of this region (medioventral part of posterior thalamus) and proposed a novel parcellation scheme (Motomura and Kosaka 2011, J Chem Neuroanat). In the present study, we examined the neuroanatomical organization of another part of the region, the peripeduncular nucleus (PP). We found that medium-sized cells with the intense calretinin immunoreactivity preferentially localized within the dorsal part of the PP. Furthermore, our retrograde tract-tracing studies revealed that the efferent connections were different between the dorsal and ventral parts of the PP, corresponding well to the difference in the calretinin immunoreactivity. The present study would serve as the underpinning for further researches on the neuronal connections and functions of the PP.	P3-1-168 セロトニントランスポーター欠損マウスにおける不安関連行動および認知柔軟性の発達 Development of anxiety-related behavior and cognitive flexibility in serotonin transporter knockout mice ○榊原泰史1, 笠原好之1, 曽良一郎1 ○Yasufumi Sakakibara1, Yoshiyuki Kasahara1, Ichiro Sora1 東北大学大学院医学系研究科精神・神経生物学分野1 Dept Biol Psychiatry, Tohoku Univ, Sendai1 Serotonin (5-HT) has been linked to the pathology of a number of psychiatric disorders. Uptake by serotonin transporter (SERT) plays a critical role in the regulation of serotonergic neurotransmission. Although SERT knockout (SERT-KO) mice are known to demonstrate numerous behavioral abnormalities, very little previous work has emphasized the biobehavioral development of these mice. Testing behavior during development can supplement our understanding of how a genetic manipulation affects different brain functions. Here, we examined anxiety-related behavior and exploratory activity (using open field and marble burying) and cognitive flexibility (using T-maze spontaneous alternation) in early adolescent (4 weeks of age) and adult (8-10 weeks of age) SERT-KO mice. Consistent with previous findings, adult SERT -/- mice exhibited higher anxiety-related phenotypes, as well as lower exploratory activities. On the other hand, there was no significant effect of SERT deletion in early adolescence on these behaviors. Moreover, early adolescent SERT +/- and -/- mice performed better in a T-maze compared to wild-type (WT) mice, and these phenotypes were observed more specifically in adulthood. In addition, we investigated spine density of pyramidal neurons in the orbitofrontal (OFc) and medial prefrontal (mPFC) cortices in Golgi-COX-stained brains of SERT-KO mice. We found that SERT +/- and -/- mice had significantly greater spine density compared to WT mice in the OFc in early adolescence, and also in adulthood. There was no significant effect of SERT deletion at both developmental stages on spine density in the mPFC. Taken together, these data could establish behavioral phenotypes of SERT-KO mice during development and suggest complex developmental stage-dependent effects of serotonergic signaling on emotional and cognitive behaviors. It is also suggested that disturbed serotonergic homeostasis results in region-specific alterations of cortical neuronal morphology.
P3-1-169 精神的ストレスに対する生体応答は気質に影響される：MEG研究 Individual differences in personality traits affect neural response against mental stress: a magnetoencephalography study ○山野恵美1, 田中雅彰1, 石井聡1, 渡辺恭良1,2 ○Emi Yamano1, Masaaki Tanaka1, Akira Ishii1, Yasuyoshi Watanabe1,2 大阪市立大学大学院医学研究科システム神経科学1, 理化学研究所分子イメージング科学研究センター2 Department of Physiology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan1, RIKEN Center for Molecular Imaging Science, Kobe, Japan2 Stress response has been reported to vary among individuals. However, the mechanism of individual differences against stress remains unclear. We investigated the psychological basis of individual differences for the neural response against mental stress, using questionnaires such as Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), magnetoencephalography (MEG), and electrocardiography to assess autonomic nerve activity. Twenty-two healthy participants were enrolled in our study. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Osaka City University, and all the participants gave written informed consent for participation. The experiment consisted of two sessions to view mentally non stress-inducing and thereafter stress-inducing images, respectively. Based on the score of novelty seeking (NS) and harm avoidance (HA) of TCI, the participants were divided into 2 groups: high NS and low HA group (G1; n=12) and the other group (G2; n=10). We applied Beamforming Eurythmics by Adaptive Technique with Statistics (BEATS), on the alpha (8-13 Hz) and beta (13-25 Hz) bands from 200 to 350 ms after the onset of each stress image presentation. The G1 group showed event-related desynchronization (ERD) in the beta band in the occipital region, while the G2 group did not ( p<0.01, Fisher's exact test). We did not observe these alterations during the control session in these groups. The sympathetic nerve activity during eye opening condition was decreased in the G1 group, although that was not altered in the G2 group after the stress session. These results suggest that individual variation of personality traits such as high NS and low HA correlates with the neural response against mental stress. Our findings would contribute to clarify the psychological and neural mechanism of individual differences against stress response.	P3-1-170 豊かな環境飼育によるADHDモデル動物への影響：内側前頭前野と扁桃体におけるCART発現と情動行動 Behavioral effect of environmental enrichment on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder model rat: CART expression in the medial prefrontal cortex and the amygdala ○清水由布子1, 横山善弘1, 三角吉代1, 石田章真1, 鄭且均1, 飛田秀樹1 ○Yuko Shimizu1, yoshihiro Yokoyama1, Sachiyo Misumi1, Akimasa ishida1, ChaGyun Jung1, Hideki Hida1 名古屋市立大院・医・脳神経生理学1 Dept. Neurophysiology & Brain Sci., Nagoya City Univ., Nagoya, Japan1 Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) are the most used animal model of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We have recently shown that environmental enrichment (EE) for 5 weeks from postnatal day 25 (P25) to P60 decreased hyperactivity and anxiety-like behavior in SHR. To investigate behavioral effects of EE on SHR in detail, the effects of EE on SHR were compared to that on Wistar-Kyoto rat (WKY) which is known as the control. Rats were grown in EE, standard environment (SE) and isolated environment (IE) from P25 to P60. Open-field test, cylinder test and social-interaction test were used to assess locomotor activity and anxiety-like behavior. In open-field test, EE significantly decreased the value of total distance and velocity. However, no difference in the decrease was shown between SHR and WKY. In cylinder test, EE is also decreased anxiety-like behavior, but SHR exhibited fewer relax state (rearing number, grooming time and staying time) than WKY. In social-interaction test, SHR in IE increased aggression behaviors (sniffing number and riding number) although the effect of EE on SHR is similar to that on WKY. Thus, similar level of the decrease in anxiety-like behavior was shown in both strains in EE, but the degree of anxiety is larger in SHR than WKY. We next investigated the expression of cocaine- and amphetamine- regulated transcript mRNA (CART) in mesocorticolimbic dopamine system: medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), nucleus accumbens (NAc) and amygdale (Amy). It revealed that CART mRNA was significantly high in mPFC and Amy in SHR while it was not significant in WKY. Data suggest that EE decreased anxiety behavior and that the decrease by EE was different between SHR and WKY, probably relating to CART mRNA expression in the mPFC and Amy.
P3-1-171 腹側分界条床核内βアドレナリン受容体の活性化は摂食量減少と不安様行動を惹起する Activation of β-adrenoceptors within the ventral bed nucleus of the stria terminalis produces food intake reduction and anxiety-like behaviors in rats ○出山諭司1, 中誠則1, 井手聡一郎1, 仲子友和1, 平田美紀枝1, 眞嶋悠幾1, 武田宏司2, 吉岡充弘3, 南雅文1 ○Satoshi Deyama1, Tomonori Naka1, Soichiro Ide1, Tomokazu Nakako1, Mikie Hirata1, Yuki Majima1, Hiroshi Takeda2, Mitsuhiro Yoshioka3, Masabumi Minami1 北海道大院・薬・薬理1, 北海道大院・薬・臨床病態解析2, 北海道大院・医・神経薬理3 Dept Pharmacol, Grad Sch Pharm Sci, Hokkaido Univ, Sapporo1, Lab Pathophysiol and Ther, Grad Sch Pharm Sci, Hokkaido Univ, Sapporo2, Dept Neuropharmacol, Grad Sch Med, Hokkaido Univ, Sapporo3 Relationships between anorexia nervosa and anxiety have been suggested. The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) is one of the key neural substrates regulating food intake and negative affective states. The ventral part of the BNST (vBNST) is densely innervated by noradrenergic fibers arising mainly from the A1/A2 cell groups. Noradrenergic transmission within the vBNST plays a crucial role in negative emotional states, such as anxiety and fear. We previously reported that enhanced noradrenergic transmission within the vBNST is involved in pain-induced aversion and that direct activation of β-adrenoceptors by intra-vBNST injection of isoproterenol, a β-adrenoceptor agonist, induces an aversive behavior in a conditioned place aversion test. However, it remains to be elucidated whether direct activation of β-adrenoceptors within the vBNST influences food intake and anxiety-like behaviors. Thus, in this study, we examined the effects of intra-vBNST injection of isoproterenol on food intake and anxiety-like behaviors in rats. In a food consumption test, intra-vBNST isoproterenol dose-dependently decreased food intake, and this anorectic effect was reversed by co-administration of timolol, a β-adrenoceptor antagonist. In the elevated plus maze (EPM) test, intra-vBNST isoproterenol dose-dependently reduced the time spent on open arms, and this anxiogenic effect was reversed by co-administration of timolol. A rotarod test revealed that intra-vBNST isoproterenol did not affect the motor function of rats, indicating that decreases in food intake and the time spent on open arms in the EPM test were not due to the motor deficits. Taken together, these results suggest that noradrenergic transmission via β-adrenoceptors within the vBNST plays an important role in the regulation of food intake and anxiety-like behaviors.	P3-1-172 Expectation and influence of others' outcomes in decision making for one's own outcome Expectation and influence of others' outcomes in decision making for one's own outcome ○福田玄明1, 鈴木真介1,2,3, 上野賢一4一戸紀孝6, 春野雅彦7中原裕之1 ○Haruaki Fukuda1, Shinsuke Suzuki1,2,3, Kenichi Ueno4, Justin L Gardner5, Noritaka Ichinohe6, Masahiko Haruno7, Kang Cheng4,8, Hiroyuki Nakahara1 Lab. For Int Theor Neurosci, RIKEN BSI, Saitama1, Div. Humanities & Social Sci, Caltech, CA, USA2, JSPS fellow, Graduate School of Letters, Hokkaido Univ, Hokkaido3, fMRI Support Unit, RIKEN BSI, Saitama4, Gardner Res. Unit, RIKEN BSI, Saitama5, Dept Ultrastructural Res., National Institute of Neuroscience, NCNP, Tokyo6, Center for Information and Neural Networks, NICT, Osaka7, Lab. for Cognitive Brain Mapping, RIKEN BSI, Saitama8 Our decisions are guided by our own outcomes, but are further influenced by others' outcomes in social contexts. This behavior is well known; however, little is known about the underlying neural processes, such as how self-reward expectation is modified by or integrated with the expectation of others' outcomes, resulting in one's final decision. We addressed this issue by capitalizing on the understanding of the neural value-based decision making process and combining behavior and fMRI with model-based analyses. The subject was engaged in a task in which they chose one of two options for their own outcome in each trial; in some trials, the options were associated only with their outcome, but in other trials, they were associated with their own and other's outcomes (Control and Other trials, respectively). Behaviorally, we found that a subgroup of the subjects ("pro-social") adjusted their decisions according to the others' outcome, i.e., either or both of the outcome's magnitude and the absolute difference of their own and other's outcomes. Contrasting the subject's choices in the Other trials with those in the Control trials, the adjustment could be quantified with respect to the self-reward expectation or their own value as the decision variable, distinctively from the other's outcome magnitude per se. We are currently using these behavioral results to analyze BOLD signals to identify the neural correlates of the decision and adjustment variables in comparison to those of their own and others' outcome expectations.
P3-1-173 認知課題中の行動適正化における外側手綱核の役割 Role of the lateral habenula in adapting locomotor activity for cognitive test paradigms ○加藤伸郎1, 王正大1, 王麗1, 山本亮1, 須貝外喜男1 ○Nobuo Kato1, Zhengda Wang1, Li Wang1, Ryo Yamamoto1, Tokio Sugai1 金沢医科大学　生理11 Dept Physiol, Kanazawa Med Univ1 Lesions of the lateral habenula (LHb) are known to cause both cognitive and emotional defects. We investigated how these two defects are dependent on each other by using a battery of behavioral tests. In the forced swimming test, the sham-operated control rats significantly reduced mobility, showing depression-like behavior as expected. However, this is not the case in LHb-lesioned rats, and their mobility on day 2 was significantly higher than that of controls, suggesting a hyperactive, anti-depressive tendency. In support, spontaneous activity of the lesioned rats were elevated. We then examined whether these hyperactive rats would cope with 3 different cognitive tasks. In the contextual fear conditioning, the LHb-lesioned rats did not show expected freezing, and remained hyperactive. The lesioned rats performed the Morris water maze poorly, and exhibited decreased locomotive activity. In the active avoidance test, the rate of successful avoidance was not different in the lesioned and control rats. But, once they failed to change the compartments upon the cue, the LHb rats had tendency to remain in the same compartment under the shock, showing a hypoactive tendency. Thus, in lesioned rats, the anti-depression-like hyperactivity appears to be persistent or inadequately modified under cognitive tasks. It is thus suggested that the LHb may be required to regulate emotional influences on locomotor activity, so that animals' behavior can fit into singular contexts of cognitive tasks.	P3-1-174 テレメトリシステムを用いたラット自由行動下の扁桃体中心核のマルチユニット活動記録：社会的隔離の影響 Wireless multi-unit recording in the central nucleus of the amygdala in freely behaving rats: the effect of social isolation ○清水朋子1, 塚越千尋1, 寺村心1, 門馬更夢1, 青木丈和1, 三上隆2, 三谷章1 ○Tomoko Shimizu1, Chihiro Tsukakoshi1, Kokoro Teramura1, Saramu Momma1, Takekazu Aoki1, Takashi Mikami2, Akira Mitani1 京都大学院医 人間健康科学1, 京都バイオテックス研究所2 Neurorehabilitation, Dept Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan1, Biotex Reserch Labolatory, Kyoto, Japan2 Social isolation induces profound behavioral abnormalities combined with various structural and neurochemical changes within the brain in rodents. The amygdala is implicated in the generation of emotions including fear and anxiety, and the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) serves as a major output of the complex structure. In the present study, we investigated the effect of isolation rearing on the multi-unit activity in the CeA during anxiety-related behavior and the expression of conditioned fear. Male SD rats were divided in two groups; group-reared rats and isolation-reared rats. Stainless steel wires (two wires of 50 μm in diameter) were implanted in the CeA of rats. Rats were allowed to recover for one week before recording. The experiments were performed in a dark room illuminated by red lighting. A video camera was fixed above test apparatuses. The elevated plus maze and Pavlovian fear conditioning were used to induce the anxiety-related behavior and the expression of conditioned fear, respectively. The maze was made of two open and two closed arms extending from a central platform, and was elevated 50 cm above the floor. Rats were placed in the maze for 10 min. In the fear conditioning, a conditioned stimulus (30-sec tone) was paired with an unconditioned stimulus (electric foot shock). Multi-unit activity was recorded using a wireless multi-unit recording system. The activity was amplified, filtered, and continuously sampled. Neuronal and behavioral data were continuously acquired over the experimental periods and stored for further analyses. The unit activity increased when anxiety or fear was elicited in group-reared rats and the activity was affected in isolation-reared rats. The CeA may play an important part in the behavioral abnormalities induced by social isolation.
P3-1-175 モーフ表情判別に顔の色情報が寄与する Facial color contributes to identification of morphed facial expressions ○中島加惠1, 南哲人2, 中内茂樹3 ○Kae Nakajima1, Tetsuto Minami2, Shigeki Nakauchi3 豊橋技科大　電子・情報工学1, 豊橋技科大　エレクトロニクス先端融合研2, 豊橋技科大　情報・知能工学3 Dept Electronic and Information Engineering, Toyohashi Univ of Tech, Toyohashi, Japan1, EIIRES, Toyohashi Univ of Tech, Toyohashi, Japan2, Dept Computer Science and Engineering, Toyohashi Univ of Tech, Toyohashi, Japan3 Emotions are often described in relation to facial color: "He is red with anger", "She turns blue with fear". However, it is not clear that facial color really affects identification of facial expression. To reveal this, the present study investigated whether judgment of facial expression varies depending on facial color or not through the categorical perception of morphed facial expressions. Two morph continua of eleven face photographs were employed: fear-to-anger and sadness-to-happiness. For example, the fear-to-anger continuum included faces blending the two emotions: fear 100%: anger 0%, 90:10, ..., 50:50, ..., 10:90 and 0:100.The morphed faces were presented in three different facial colors (bluish, neutral and reddish color). Participants identified a facial expression between the two emotions regardless of its facial color (i.e. Participants identified the morphed face as either "fear" or "anger" in fear-to-anger morphs). In the fear-to-anger morphs, intermediate morph of reddish-colored faces tended to be identified as angry face, while that of bluish-colored faces identified as fearful face. There was the same facial color effect on the sadness-to-happiness morphs, however the effect was smaller. The study provides evidence that facial color information contributes to facial expression recognition, especially in ambiguous expression difficult to interpret.	P3-1-176 Withdrawn
P3-1-177 Neural mechanisms for inferring others' preferences in decision making ○Norihiro Harasawa1, Hironori Nakatani1, Shinsuke Suzuki1,2,3, Kenichi Ueno4, Justin L Gardner5, Noritaka Ichinohe6, Masahiko Haruno7, Cheng Kang4,8, Hiroyuki Nakahara1 Lab. For Int Theor Neurosci, RIKEN BSI, Saitama1, Div. Humanities & Social Sci, Caltech, CA, USA2, fMRI support Unit, RIKEN BSI, Saitama3, Gardner Res. Unit, RIKEN BSI, Saitama4, Dept Ultrastructural Res., National Institute of Neuroscience, NCNP, Tokyo5, Center for Information and Neural Networks, NICT, Osaka6, Lab. for Cognitive Brain Mapping, RIKEN BSI, Saitama7 A fundamental process in social interactions is that humans need to predict the values and choices of others, despite their diverse preferences. The prediction is dependent upon the similarity and dissimilarity of their and others' preferences. However, little is known about the neural and cognitive mechanism underlying this process. Using behavior, fMRI, and modeling, we investigated differential processing of an other's similar and dissimilar preferences when a subject predicted their decisions. The subject was engaged in a choice task in which a pair of goods coupons (e.g., product A 2000 yen vs. product B 3000 yen) was presented in each trial. At the beginning of a trial, either of two types of trials was cued, which were randomly interchanged over trials: choosing for a self-reward and predicting the other's choices, respectively (Self and Other trials, called Pre-cue condition). We found that the subject learned the other's preferences fairly quickly. Another condition was also introduced in which the trial-type cue was presented only after presentation of the coupon pair (Post-cue condition). We found that, only in the Post-condition, the reaction time of the subject's choice got longer only for the Other trials when the coupons were presented for a short duration, which was further differentiated between similar and dissimilar preferences. These results suggest that the subject's valuation of the other's preference arises only after their own valuation process, which is further differentially dependent upon the similarity/dissimilarity of their valuations. We are currently using these behavioral results to analyze BOLD signals in fMRI to find neural correlates representing the similar and dissimilar preferences of others in reference to one's own preference.

上部に戻る

前に戻る